“Our Willie Dear is Dying” was deposited for copyright on May 9, 1861, by Firth, Pond & Company. It is one of several songs by Foster about a character named Willie, the others of which were “Willie My Brave,” “Willie We Have Missed You,” and “Willie Has Gone to War.”
According to John Mahon in his article “The Last Years of Stephen C. Foster” (New York Clipper, March 24, 1877):